Spiritualism, mummy crazes enveloped Victorian Era
This month’s issue of Discover Vintage America will help conjure up some good, old-fashioned ghouls and spirits with our lead editorial on the history of the ghost story.
Fascination with the para-normal has been around for as long as Halloween itself, and even earlier. Specifically, the spiritualism fad that swept America and Europe in the Victorian Era convinced us that the living could communicate with the dead.
In the U.S., the Spiritualist movement began in 1848 in a village in New York, when two sisters claimed that they had communicated with a ghost of a man murdered in their house many years before they moved there. Just a few years later, in 1852, an American medium named Maria Hayden visited London, conducting table seances in which she conveyed “messages” from the dead. And what séance would be complete without a little noise from an other-worldly realm? Hayden also made sure to rap her fist underneath the table for an extra eerie effect.
“Fascination with Spiritualism and psychic phenomena reached a high point in Great Britain in the late 19th century,” according to an article on victorianweb.org. “A rich diversity of people during that period shared the fascination, formed organizations to pursue the subject system-atically, and patronized a spiritualist press that served to publicize the activities of spiritualist circles around the country.”
Even Britain’s Queen Victoria was hooked on the fad, paying to have seances conducted for several decades during her long reign.
Soon, journals targeting the Spiritualist community were being published seemingly everywhere while at the same time, mediums were perfecting their craft by incorporating table tipping, automatic writing, and levi-tation, according to victorianweb.org.
Mummy dearest
Spiritualism wasn’t the only spooky fad that captured the hearts and imaginations of those living in the 19th century. Egyptomania – a fascination with all things related to ancient Egypt – especially mummies.
In the 19th century – decades before Howard Carter discovered the tomb of King Tutankhamun in 1922 – mummies weren’t viewed as artifacts to be revered and viewed in museums. No, for hundreds of years, in fact, mummies were viewed as possessing medicinal properties. Their flesh and bone often were ground up into powder and eaten to help people ingest the mummy’s powers.
According to the Science History Institute Museum and Library, the invasion of Egypt by Napoleon’s army in 1798 led to an explosion of tourism -- the elites of European society traveled there, discovering the mummies of the ancient world and having them shipped back to England and other countries. When brought back to their new home, the mummies were used in everything from scholarly lectures to making oil paints, fertilizer, and even paper. The best mummies could fetch up to $30 in today’s U.S. dollars. The wealthiest Victorians even hosted mummy unwrapping parties, in which a mummy would be unwrapped in front of a party crowd, much to their awe and shock. These “unwrapping parties” predated the Spiritualist craze by nearly 30 years.
Both of these 19th-century phenomena remain proof positive that our continued interest in all things paranormal, the unknown, and the just plain spooky transcends time and culture. And hopefully, our lead editorial will spark memories of ghoulish tales heard around the campfire, spoken into the chilly night air and received into our shared public consciousness.
Happy Halloween! May all of your tricks be done in harmless fun and all your treats sweeten your holiday.
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